Dogs are often referred to as “man’s best friend,” and for good reason. Their loyalty, companionship, and boundless love make them cherished members of our families. However, like humans, dogs can experience a range of emotions, including anxiety. Separation anxiety is a common and complex issue, causing distress for both the pet and their owner.

What is separation anxiety in dogs?

Separation anxiety is a behavioural or panic disorder characterised by extreme distress or anxiety when a dog is separated from their owner or left alone. It can manifest in various ways and its severity can vary from mild to severe. While some dogs may whine or become restless when left alone, others may engage in destructive behaviours, such as chewing furniture or excessive barking. It is imperative that dogs are not punished for any kind of anxious behaviours like these; not only is this cruel and unfair, it will exacerbate the situation and make their separation anxiety more severe.

Causes of separation anxiety

Understanding the root causes of separation anxiety is crucial for addressing the issue effectively. Several factors can contribute to a dog developing separation anxiety:

• Change in routine: Dogs are creatures of habit, and any significant change in their daily routine or environment can trigger anxiety.
• Lack of socialisation: Dogs that haven’t been adequately socialised as puppies may struggle with anxiety when left alone.
• Past trauma: Dogs that have experienced abandonment or neglect in the past may be more prone to separation anxiety.
• Over-attachment: Dogs that form an exceptionally strong bond with their owners are more likely to experience separation anxiety when separated from them.
• Boredom: Dogs left alone with nothing to do may become anxious out of sheer boredom.

Signs of separation anxiety

Recognising the signs of separation anxiety is essential for early intervention. Common signs include:

• Excessive barking or howling: Your dog may bark or howl excessively when left alone.
• Destructive behaviour: Chewing furniture, scratching doors, or digging are common signs of anxiety.
• Toilet accidents: Dogs with separation anxiety may have accidents indoors, even if they are housetrained.
• Pacing: Restlessness and constant pacing are telltale signs of anxiety.
• Excessive panting, salivation or drooling
• Escape attempts: Dogs may try to escape confinement in an attempt to reunite with their owner.

The best way to decipher whether or not your dog is suffering from separation anxiety is to install a camera like this one, which connects to an app on your phone so you can see how your dog is coping at home alone. Any sign of distress could well indicate that your dog is struggling with separation anxiety and you should look into ways to help your dog to cope.

How to help your dog cope

Helping your dog to learn to cope is often a gradual process, but it is essential to their overall wellbeing and behaviour. There are several strategies you can employ to help your dog with separation anxiety:

• Gradual desensitisation & behaviour modification: Gradually acclimatise your dog to being alone by starting with short periods and gradually increasing the time you are away. The best way to go about this is to work with a behaviourist who has specific experience in helping with separation anxiety. They will devise a customised training programme to follow and support you throughout the training process.
• Create a safe space: Designate a specific area or room where your dog can stay when you’re not at home, furnished with comfortable bedding and familiar toys.
• Interactive toys: Provide your dog with puzzle toys or treat-dispensing toys to keep them mentally engaged while you’re away. Be careful with chews or anything your dog could choke on.
• Positive reinforcement: Reward your dog for calm behaviour when you leave and return home. This helps create positive associations with your departures and arrivals.
• Medication: In severe cases, medication prescribed by a veterinarian may be necessary to manage anxiety. Medication can often work very well alongside a customised training programme.
• Consult with a vet: If your dog’s separation anxiety is causing significant distress, consult with your veterinarian to rule out any underlying medical issues.

Behaviourist recommendations:

• Winkie Spiers, WagWorks’ in-house behaviourist & Head of Education. Get in touch with WagWorks to enquire about a 1:1 session with Winkie.
• Sam The Dog Coach, a dog trainer, behaviourist and Separation Anxiety Pro Trainer: samthedogcoach.co.uk.

Whilst separation anxiety can be very challenging, stressful and isolating for dog owners, with patience, understanding, and the right strategies, it can be managed effectively. Remember that every dog is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. Be patient and persistent in your efforts to help your furry friend overcome their anxiety. With your love and support, your dog can learn to feel more secure and comfortable when left alone, strengthening the bond between you and your loyal companion.