As devoted pet owners, it is our responsibility to ensure the wellbeing of our furry friends and one crucial aspect of their health is maintaining an appropriate weight. We already control when and what our dogs eat, so we owe it to them to provide the optimal amount of tasty and nutritious food to enable them to thrive!

Just like humans, dogs can face various health issues if they are overweight or obese, and even behavioural issues if they are uncomfortable or in pain as a result. Similarly if a dog is underweight and constantly hungry this can significantly impact their general wellbeing and happiness, and they can also develop unwanted behaviours around food, including resource guarding. Just imagine how you’d feel if you weren’t given the nutrition you needed!

Below we take you through the signs of overweight and underweight dogs and provide practical tips to keep your canine companion fit and happy.

Understanding the importance of canine weight management

Maintaining a healthy weight is fundamental to your dog’s overall health and longevity. An overweight dog is at a higher risk of a range of health problems, including diabetes, arthritis, heart disease and respiratory issues. Obesity can also reduce your dog’s quality of life, leading to a decreased ability to enjoy physical activities and an increased likelihood of injury.

Underweight dogs often lack essential nutrients, leading to deficiencies that can affect various bodily functions. This may result in a weakened immune system, poor coat quality and skin condition, decreased energy levels, muscle wasting and weakness impacting the dog’s overall strength and mobility, bone and joint issues, impaired organ function and gastrointestinal problems. Underweight female dogs may experience irregular heat cycles and reproductive difficulties and in males, undernutrition can affect sperm quality and reproductive function.

Signs of an overweight dog

• Difficulty feeling ribs and spine: A healthy dog should have a thin layer of fat covering their ribs and spine. If these areas are difficult to feel, it might be a sign of excess weight.
• Lack of a defined waist: Dogs with a healthy weight typically have a visible waist when viewed from above. An overweight dog may lack this noticeable indentation.
• Low energy levels: Obesity can lead to lethargy and a lack of interest in physical activities. Excess weight can also put a lot of pressure on joints and cause pain, making it more difficult to move with ease. If your dog seems less active than usual, weight may be a contributing factor.
• Difficulty breathing: Overweight dogs may experience difficulty breathing, especially during exercise or in warmer weather.

Signs of an underweight dog

• Visible ribs and spine, prominent hip bones and pelvis: While a healthy dog should have a thin layer of fat covering their ribs and spine, the bones should not be overly prominent. If your dog’s ribs and spine are highly visible or the hip and pelvic bones protrude, they are likely to be underweight.
• Lack of muscle mass: An underweight dog may have a noticeable lack of muscle mass, leading to a gaunt appearance. The muscles along the back, hips and thighs may appear underdeveloped.
• Sunken or abnormally shaped eyes: Underweight dogs may exhibit sunken or hollow-looking eyes. The eye sockets may appear more prominent than usual.
• Dull or dry coat: A dog in good health typically has a shiny and smooth coat. An underweight dog may have a dull, dry or flaky coat, indicating nutritional deficiencies.
• Lack of energy and weakness: Underweight dogs may show signs of lethargy, fatigue and weakness. They may be less eager to engage in physical activities or play.
• Decreased appetite: Dogs with a reduced appetite or who are unwilling to eat may struggle to maintain a healthy weight. This can be caused by various factors, including dental issues, illness or stress.
• Unexplained weight loss: If your dog is losing weight without a clear reason, such as a change in diet or increased physical activity, it may be a cause for concern. Unexplained weight loss could be indicative of underlying health issues.

Tips for effective canine weight management

• Balanced diet
  • Consult your vet to determine the appropriate amount of food for your dog’s breed, age and activity level.
  • Choose high-quality dog food with a proper balance of nutrients.
  • Be mindful of treats and table scraps, as excessive indulgence can contribute to weight gain.
• Regular exercise
  • Engage in regular playtime and walks to keep your dog active.
  • Incorporate daily enrichment and interactive toys or games that stimulate both mental and physical activity.
• Portion control:
  • Weigh your dog’s food to avoid overfeeding. 
  • If they seem constantly hungry, display ‘frenzied’ behaviour around food or appear to be ‘acting out’ you may be underfeeding them.
• Offering choice
  • Giving dogs choice is really important – fussy eaters are more likely to eat when they have chosen their preferred flavour, and putting options down in front of a food-obsessed dog encourages a more considered approach enabling them to think before diving straight in. 
  • Ensure they have plenty to chew outside of mealtimes – opt for natural, single-protein chews that are often long-lasting, low in fat and great for dental hygiene!

• Weight monitoring
  • Keep track of your dog’s weight regularly and adjust their diet and exercise routine as needed. Even more importantly, ask your vet to check their body condition score as this is more reliable in determining overall health than weight is.
  • Get familiar with your dog’s body condition, run your hands up and down their body to establish whether they have too much or too little fat on top of their ribs.
  • Consult your veterinarian if you notice any sudden or unexplained weight changes.
• Hydration
  • Ensure your dog has access to fresh water at all times, as proper hydration is essential for overall health.

A healthy weight is key to a happy and active life for your canine companion. By providing a balanced diet, regular exercise and getting to know what is right for your individual dog, you can help your four-legged friend to maintain an optimal weight and reduce the risk of associated health issues. Remember, consulting with your vet is crucial to tailor a weight management plan that suits your dog’s individual needs.